Tools

Makefile

Build automation — targets, variables, and pattern rules.

target: dep1 dep2
	command

# Phony targets don't produce output files
.PHONY: clean test build

clean:
	rm -rf dist/

test:
	npm test

foo = barLazy (recursive) assignment

foo := barImmediate assignment

foo ?= barSet only if unset

foo += barAppend to variable

foo != echo hiShell command result

$(foo)Expand variable

$@Current target name

$<First prerequisite

$^All prerequisites

$*Stem of pattern rule match

$(@D)Directory part of target

-commandIgnore errors (continue on failure)

@commandSuppress command echo

+commandRun even in dry-run mode (make -n)

$(wildcard *.c)Expand glob

$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(src))Pattern substitution

$(shell find . -name "*.js")Shell command

$(filter %.js,$(files))Filter by pattern

$(strip $(var))Remove whitespace

make -eEnv vars override file vars

make -BRebuild all unconditionally

make -sSilent mode

make -j4Parallel jobs

make -nDry run (print, no execute)

More Tools cheatsheets

Git

Everyday version control — branches, commits, undo, and rebase.

Bash

Shell scripting, redirection, and command-line survival.

Regex

Pattern matching — anchors, classes, quantifiers, groups.